使用 Homebrew 安装 x86_64-elf-grub

项目链接

• 主页

命令和别名

• x86_64-elf-grub-editenv
• x86_64-elf-grub-file
• x86_64-elf-grub-fstest
• x86_64-elf-grub-glue-efi
• x86_64-elf-grub-kbdcomp
• x86_64-elf-grub-menulst2cfg
• x86_64-elf-grub-mkfont
• x86_64-elf-grub-mkimage
• x86_64-elf-grub-mklayout
• x86_64-elf-grub-mknetdir
• x86_64-elf-grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2
• x86_64-elf-grub-mkrelpath
• x86_64-elf-grub-mkrescue
• x86_64-elf-grub-mkstandalone
• x86_64-elf-grub-render-label
• x86_64-elf-grub-script-check
• x86_64-elf-grub-syslinux2cfg

项目历史

GRUB originated in 1995 when Erich Boleyn was trying to boot GNU Hurd with the University of Utah's Mach 4 microkernel, now GNU Mach. Boleyn and Brian Ford designed the Multiboot Specification to avoid adding yet another incompatible PC boot method, and Boleyn began from FreeBSD boot-loader work before deciding to write a new boot loader.

In 1999 Gordon Matzigkeit and Yoshinori K. Okuji adopted GRUB as an official GNU package and opened development via anonymous CVS. Around 2002 Okuji began PUPA, a rewrite intended to make GRUB cleaner, safer, more robust, and more powerful; PUPA became GRUB 2, while the original line became GRUB Legacy.

采用历史

GRUB Legacy's last release was 0.97 in 2005, while GRUB 2 gradually replaced it. The GNU manual records limited GNU/Linux distribution use of GRUB 2 by about 2007 and default installation by multiple major distributions by the end of 2009.

GRUB also became important in the OS development community because it can load Multiboot-compliant kernels and can be used to create bootable ISO, disk, USB, BIOS, and UEFI images for test kernels. OSDev documentation treats GRUB 2 as a standard way to avoid writing a bootloader before testing a kernel.

使用方式

The cross-target GRUB package is not about changing the host's boot configuration. It supplies target-prefixed GRUB utilities such as grub-mkimage, grub-mkrescue, and grub-mkstandalone for creating x86-64 ELF boot artifacts from a development machine.

Typical users build a kernel with a Multiboot or Multiboot2 header, create a grub.cfg, and use GRUB image-building commands to produce an ISO, disk image, or UEFI binary that can be tested in an emulator or on hardware. The target-prefixed tools keep that flow separate from any GRUB installation that might boot the developer's own machine.

为什么软件包爱好者会关心

This is a niche but meaningful package for people building operating systems on macOS or another non-target host. It pairs naturally with x86_64-elf-gcc and x86_64-elf-binutils, because GRUB builds for a target platform need target-aware compiler and binary utilities rather than host-default tools.

时间线

• 1995: GRUB begins while Erich Boleyn works on booting GNU Hurd with Mach.
• 1999: GRUB becomes an official GNU package under Gordon Matzigkeit and Yoshinori K. Okuji.
• Around 2002: PUPA begins as a major rewrite that becomes GRUB 2.
• 2005: GRUB Legacy 0.97 is released as the last Legacy release.
• 2007-2009: GRUB 2 moves from limited distribution use to defaults in multiple major GNU/Linux distributions.

Related projects

• The Multiboot and Multiboot2 specifications define the kernel-loading contract many hobby OS kernels use with GRUB.
• GNU Binutils and GCC cross toolchains provide the target-aware build tools used alongside x86_64-elf GRUB.
• QEMU is commonly used to boot and test the images GRUB creates.

来源

• https://wiki.osdev.org/GCC_Cross-Compiler
• https://wiki.osdev.org/GRUB
• https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/html_node/History.html
• https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/html_node/Overview.html