# 使用 Homebrew, apk, apt, dnf, Nix, zypper 安装 nmh

查看 nmh 的安装路径、可执行文件、元数据以及面向 AI 代理工作流的安全说明。

## 安装

```sh
sudo av install brew:nmh
```

其他安装命令:

### macOS

- Homebrew (100%):

```sh
brew install nmh
```

  证据: local Homebrew formula metadata

### Linux

- apk (92%):

```sh
sudo apk add nmh
```

  证据: Alpine Linux edge package indexes: nmh from https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz

- Debian apt (92%):

```sh
sudo apt install nmh
```

  证据: Debian stable package indexes: nmh from https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/binary-amd64/Packages.xz

- dnf (92%):

```sh
sudo dnf install nmh
```

  证据: Fedora Rawhide package metadata: nmh from https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/Everything/x86_64/os/repodata/07190dc5ae9f35ae73866675fed6d95fe6e8d9fe22c9d7cdf85862cb2ed24a4c-primary.xml.zst

- Nix (92%):

```sh
nix profile install nixpkgs#nmh
```

  证据: nixpkgs package indexes: pkgs/by-name/nm/nmh/package.nix from https://api.github.com/repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/git/trees/master?recursive=1

- zypper (92%):

```sh
sudo zypper install nmh
```

  证据: openSUSE Tumbleweed package metadata: nmh from https://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/oss/repodata/50b07339cb64c8ed4091bdbabddadc1ff5737b090e478818a195b40d8a3292861a879139b4a3987c31109699fde9fbf4a716367ddf4eef77da75f96e3193d6ed-primary.xml.zst

## 软件包事实

- **软件包键:** brew:nmh
- **软件包管理器:** Homebrew
- **版本:** 1.8
- **来源摘要:** New version of the MH mail handler
- **主页:** <https://www.nongnu.org/nmh/>
- **已生成:** 2026-08-03T19:37:03+00:00

## 可执行文件

- anno (别名)
- burst (别名)
- comp (别名)
- flist (别名)
- flists (别名)
- fmttest (别名)
- fnext (别名)
- folder (别名)
- folders (别名)
- forw (别名)
- fprev (别名)
- inc (别名)
- install-mh (别名)
- mhbuild (别名)
- mhfixmsg (别名)
- mhical (别名)
- mhlist (别名)
- mhlogin (别名)
- mhmail (别名)
- mhn (别名)
- mhparam (别名)
- mhpath (别名)
- mhshow (别名)
- mhstore (别名)
- msgchk (别名)
- new (别名)
- next (别名)
- packf (别名)
- pick (别名)
- prev (别名)
- prompter (别名)
- refile (别名)
- repl (别名)
- rmf (别名)
- rmm (别名)
- scan (别名)
- send (别名)
- sendfiles (别名)
- show (别名)
- sortm (别名)
- unseen (别名)
- whatnow (别名)
- whom (别名)

## 安装行为

- Bottle: 不可用

## 版本和新鲜度

- 页面生成时间: 2026-08-03
- 管理器版本: 1.8
## 项目历史与用法

nmh is the maintained 'new MH' implementation of the MH message handling system: a Unix mail environment made from many small commands rather than one monolithic mail client.

### 项目历史

MH predates nmh by decades. RAND's 1979 user's manual describes MH as a UNIX shell-driven mail system where each mail activity is a separate command and each message is stored as a separate file in a folder directory. nmh continued that model as a mostly compatible replacement for MH, based on MH 6.8.3 from RAND and the University of California.

The nmh FAQ describes the fork as a response to the languishing state of MH: Richard Coleman created nmh from MH 6.8.3, added GNU autoconf, and fixed bugs and inconsistencies. Later maintainers moved the project infrastructure to Savannah, which remains the official source location.

### 采用历史

nmh is niche by modern mail-client standards but important to Unix mail traditionalists because it preserves the MH composition model: commands such as inc, scan, show, repl, forw, refile, pick, sortm, and rmm compose naturally with shell scripts. The project page also points to front ends such as exmh and mh-e, showing that nmh is both an end-user toolkit and a substrate for other mail interfaces.

Package-manager coverage across Homebrew, Debian/Ubuntu, Fedora, Alpine, Nix, and openSUSE reflects long-tail adoption rather than hype adoption. Its value is continuity: scripts, habits, and mail stores built around MH semantics can keep working on contemporary Unix-like systems.

### 使用方式

Package nerds use nmh when they want mail to be shell-native. Typical workflows initialize a profile, incorporate messages into MH folders, scan folders, show or reply to individual messages, refile mail by shell command, and use pick/sortm/mhpath/mhparam in scripts. The practical appeal is that the mailbox is regular files plus small commands, so grep, find, cron, editors, and shell aliases remain first-class tools.

The tradeoff is intentional: nmh is not a turnkey GUI mail app. It rewards users who want explicit control over message storage, composition drafts, aliases, profile settings, and MIME handling.

### 为什么软件包爱好者会关心

nmh matters because it is a living bridge from early Unix mail design to present package ecosystems. It is a good example of a package whose significance is architectural and historical rather than measured by broad consumer adoption.

### 时间线

- {'event': "RAND published The MH Message Handling System: User's Manual, documenting the shell-command and per-message-file model that nmh inherits.", 'year': '1979'}
- {'event': 'Richard Coleman created nmh from MH 6.8.3 after MH development slowed, adding GNU autoconf and cleanup work according to the MH/nmh FAQ.', 'year': '1990s'}
- {'event': 'nmh development infrastructure moved to Savannah and continued through the nmh-workers community.', 'year': '2000s'}

### Related projects

- RAND MH
- exmh
- mh-e
- mmh

### 来源

- <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mcr/nmh/master/docs/FAQ>
- <https://www.mankier.com/package/nmh>
- <https://www.nongnu.org/nmh/>
- <https://www.nongnu.org/nmh/old.html>
- <https://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R2367.html>


## 安全说明

generalized runtime or code generation signal.

- **Geiger 风险:** yellow / 中
- generalized runtime or code generation signal


## Configuration and credential file locations

These source-backed paths show where this package keeps local settings or durable credentials. Automic Vault can use them as review targets for secret scanning, migration, and command approval.


## Configuration files

- Unix: ~/.mh_profile
## 其他软件包管理器记录

- Debian apt - nmh - 1.8-3: normalized package name match | Debian stable package indexes: nmh from https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/binary-amd64/Packages.xz | set of electronic mail handling programs
- Nix - nmh: normalized package name match | nixpkgs package indexes: pkgs/by-name/nm/nmh/package.nix from https://api.github.com/repos/NixOS/nixpkgs/git/trees/master?recursive=1
- Ubuntu apt - nmh - 1.8-1build4: normalized package name match | Ubuntu 24.04 LTS package indexes: nmh from https://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/noble/universe/binary-amd64/Packages.gz | set of electronic mail handling programs
- apk - nmh - 1.8-r3: normalized package name match | Alpine Linux edge package indexes: nmh from https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz | Powerful electronic mail handling system | https://www.nongnu.org/nmh/
- apk - nmh-doc - 1.8-r3: normalized package name match | Alpine Linux edge package indexes: nmh-doc from https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz | Powerful electronic mail handling system (documentation) | https://www.nongnu.org/nmh/
- dnf - nmh - 1.8-12.fc45: normalized package name match | Fedora Rawhide package metadata: nmh from https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/Everything/x86_64/os/repodata/07190dc5ae9f35ae73866675fed6d95fe6e8d9fe22c9d7cdf85862cb2ed24a4c-primary.xml.zst | A capable MIME-email-handling system with a command-line interface | https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/nmh
- zypper - nmh - 1.8-1.7: normalized package name match | openSUSE Tumbleweed package metadata: nmh from https://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/oss/repodata/50b07339cb64c8ed4091bdbabddadc1ff5737b090e478818a195b40d8a3292861a879139b4a3987c31109699fde9fbf4a716367ddf4eef77da75f96e3193d6ed-primary.xml.zst | Unix Mail Handler | https://www.nongnu.org/nmh/


## Combined YAML source

View the package source record on GitHub. [combined/nmh.yml](https://github.com/mxcl/pkgdb/blob/main/combined/nmh.yml)


## 来源

- pkg.so package database
- Geiger risk classifier
- curated configuration and credential file locations
- curated package history
- pkgdb category and tag curation
- external package-manager database matches
- cross-ecosystem install command graph