使用 Homebrew, apk, apt, Nix, pacman, zypper, dnf 安装 iptables

项目链接

• 主页

命令和别名

• arptables
• arptables-nft
• arptables-nft-restore
• arptables-nft-save
• arptables-restore
• arptables-save
• arptables-translate
• ebtables
• ebtables-nft
• ebtables-nft-restore
• ebtables-nft-save
• ebtables-restore
• ebtables-save
• ebtables-translate
• ip6tables
• ip6tables-apply
• ip6tables-legacy
• ip6tables-legacy-restore
• ip6tables-legacy-save
• ip6tables-nft
• ip6tables-nft-restore
• ip6tables-nft-save
• ip6tables-restore
• ip6tables-restore-translate
• ip6tables-save
• ip6tables-translate
• iptables
• iptables-apply
• iptables-legacy
• iptables-legacy-restore
• iptables-legacy-save
• iptables-nft

项目历史

The netfilter project was founded by Paul "Rusty" Russell as a redesign of the Linux 2.2 ipchains and Linux 2.0 ipfwadm firewall systems. Netfilter's own project history describes the late-1999 design work by Russell and Marc Boucher that generalized iptables and produced the multiple-table framework that became the filter, nat, and mangle modules.

iptables became the administrative surface for the Linux 2.4 era of packet filtering. The project grew alongside connection tracking, NAT helpers, userspace queueing, IPv6 work through ip6tables, and later the xtables command family that collected IPv4, IPv6, ARP, and Ethernet bridge filtering tools under related interfaces.

The iptables 1.8 series marked the nftables transition period by shipping both legacy xtables commands and nft-backed variants such as iptables-nft, ip6tables-nft, arptables-nft, ebtables-nft, and translation tools. That made iptables both a historic interface and a migration bridge to nftables.

采用历史

iptables was adopted broadly because it arrived with the Linux kernel's netfilter subsystem and offered a scriptable firewall language that distributions, hosting providers, routers, container stacks, and security appliances could automate. Its save/restore format made rulesets easy to ship in init scripts and configuration management.

The package remains visible in package-manager culture because many Linux systems, compatibility scripts, and container/networking components still know the iptables command vocabulary even when the underlying backend is nftables. Homebrew's package metadata also exposes the full command family for macOS users who need the Linux-compatible tooling.

使用方式

Typical use centers on creating chains and rules for packet filtering, network address translation, port forwarding, connection-state matching, and firewall persistence with iptables-save and iptables-restore. Administrators also use iptables-translate and iptables-restore-translate when moving legacy rule sets toward nftables.

The package is Linux-specific in purpose: on non-Linux systems it is mostly useful for packaging, cross-development, documentation, or compatibility workflows rather than native packet filtering.

为什么软件包爱好者会关心

For package nerds, iptables is one of the canonical examples of a small command-line package whose real meaning comes from the kernel ABI underneath it. Its packaging has to preserve many executable names because shell scripts, orchestration tools, and documentation often reference exact command variants.

It is also a transition fossil: one package contains legacy commands, nft-backed commands, multi-call binaries, and translation helpers, making it a compact map of two generations of Linux firewall administration.

时间线

• 1999: Netfilter core design work generalized iptables and the filter, nat, and mangle table model.
• 2000: Netfilter and iptables work was prepared for inclusion with Linux 2.4.
• 2001: Linux 2.4 made netfilter/iptables the standard Linux firewall framework.
• 2018: iptables 1.8 introduced the nft-backed command variants as part of the nftables migration path.
• 2026: Netfilter news records continued iptables 1.8 maintenance releases.

Related projects

• iptables is closely related to netfilter kernel hooks, nftables, libnftnl, conntrack-tools, ipset, ulogd, arptables, ebtables, and the older ipchains and ipfwadm systems it replaced.

来源

• https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/iptables
• https://git.netfilter.org/iptables
• https://www.netfilter.org/about.html
• https://www.netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html
• https://www.netfilter.org/projects/nftables/index.html